1. The branch of scientific knowledge which manages and improves the economical use of people and equipment through the applications of costs, work standards, and the improvement of the working environment.
2. The application of design, machines, processes, principles, training, and the techniques of scientific management to the maintenance of a high level of productivity; such as, by analytical study, improvement, and installation of methods and systems, operating procedures, quantity and quality measurements and controls, safety measures, and personnel administration.